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2.
Adicciones (Palma de Mallorca) ; 35(4): 469-482, 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-229129

RESUMO

El objetivo del estudio fue identificar los factores del entorno que influyen en el consumo de alcohol según la perspectiva de estudiantes universitarios, y evaluar la importancia y la frecuencia atribuida a cada factor. Se utilizó la metodología del Concept Mapping con una muestra de estudiantes de enfermería, que participaron en dos sesiones de recogida de datos. En la sesión 1, se obtuvo un consenso sobre los aspectos del entorno que influyen en su consumo de alcohol. En la sesión 2, los ítems obtenidos se clasificaron en función de la importancia y la frecuencia de estos factores en el consumo de alcohol (1 = mínimo; 5 = máximo). Todos los datos se analizaron con el RCMAP del paquete estadístico R 3.6.1.Alrededor de 60 estudiantes participaron en cada sesión. La mayoría eran mujeres de 20 a 24 años. En la sesión 1, se obtuvieron un total de 55 ítems que fueron clasificados en 7 grupos: Publicidad (9 ítems); Ambiente familiar (4 ítems); Presión social (12 ítems); Responsabilidades/normas (4 ítems); Vacaciones y tiempo libre (7 ítems); Situaciones emocionales (8 ítems); Accesibilidad (11 ítems). Los factores relacionados con la presión social, las vacaciones y el tiempo libre y la accesibilidad del alcohol, fueron considerados los más importantes y frecuentes en el consumo de alcohol. Contrariamente, la publicidad del alcohol fue considerada el factor menos importante (media 2,6 sobre 5) y frecuente (media 2,1 sobre 5). En conclusión, los factores considerados más relevantes entre los estudiantes coinciden con los que se destinan más recursos para la prevención y la promoción de la salud, a excepción de la publicidad del alcohol, que se percibió como menos importante y frecuente comparado con los otros factores. (AU)


The aim of the study was to identify the environmental factors that influence alcohol consumption, according to university students, and assess the relative importance and the frequency attributed to each factor. A study using Concept Mapping methodology was performed with a sample of nursing students, who participated in two face-to-face data collection sessions. In session 1, a consensus about the environmental aspects that influence their alcohol consumption was obtained. In session 2, the statements obtained were rated according to their relative importance and frequency in alcohol use (1 = minimum; 5 = maximum). Subsequently, all data were analyzed with the RCMAP of the statistical package R 3.6.1.Approximately 60 students participated in each session. Most were women aged 20 to 24. In session 1, a total of 55 statements were obtained and classified into 7 different clusters: Advertising (9 statements); Family environment (4 statements); Social pressure (12 statements); Responsibilities/norms (4 statements); Holidays and leisure time (7 statements); Emotional situations (8 statements); Accessibility (11 statements). Factors related to social pressure, holidays and leisure time, and alcohol accessibility were considered the most important and frequent in alcohol consumption. In contrast, alcohol advertising was considered the least important (mean 2.6 out of 5) and frequent (mean 2.1 out 5) factor. In conclusion, the factors considered most relevant among nursing students match those having more resources allocated for prevention and health promotion, except for alcohol advertising, which was perceived as less important and frequent compared with the other factors. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Consumo de Álcool na Faculdade/psicologia , Estudantes de Enfermagem/psicologia , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Classe Social , Características Culturais , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Culturais , Estilo de Vida
4.
Adicciones ; 0(0): 1705, 2022 Sep 30.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36200225

RESUMO

The aim of the study was to identify the environmental factors that influence alcohol consumption, according to university students, and assess the relative importance and the frequency attributed to each factor. A study using Concept Mapping methodology was performed with a sample of nursing students, who participated in two face-to-face data collection sessions. In session 1, a consensus about the environmental aspects that influence their alcohol consumption was obtained. In session 2, the statements obtained were rated according to their relative importance and frequency in alcohol use (1 = minimum; 5 = maximum). Subsequently, all data were analyzed with the RCMAP of the statistical package R 3.6.1.Approximately 60 students participated in each session. Most were women aged 20 to 24. In session 1, a total of 55 statements were obtained and classified into 7 different clusters: Advertising (9 statements); Family environment (4 statements); Social pressure (12 statements); Responsibilities/norms (4 statements); Holidays and leisure time (7 statements); Emotional situations (8 statements); Accessibility (11 statements). Factors related to social pressure, holidays and leisure time, and alcohol accessibility were considered the most important and frequent in alcohol consumption. In contrast, alcohol advertising was considered the least important (mean 2.6 out of 5) and frequent (mean 2.1 out 5) factor. In conclusion, the factors considered most relevant among nursing students match those having more resources allocated for prevention and health promotion, except for alcohol advertising, which was perceived as less important and frequent compared with the other factors.


El objetivo del estudio fue identificar los factores del entorno que influyen en el consumo de alcohol según la perspectiva de estudiantes universitarios, y evaluar la importancia y la frecuencia atribuida a cada factor. Se utilizó la metodología del Concept Mapping con una muestra de estudiantes de enfermería, que participaron en dos sesiones de recogida de datos. En la sesión 1, se obtuvo un consenso sobre los aspectos del entorno que influyen en su consumo de alcohol. En la sesión 2, los ítems obtenidos se clasificaron en función de la importancia y la frecuencia de estos factores en el consumo de alcohol (1 = mínimo; 5 = máximo). Todos los datos se analizaron con el RCMAP del paquete estadístico R 3.6.1.Alrededor de 60 estudiantes participaron en cada sesión. La mayoría eran mujeres de 20 a 24 años. En la sesión 1, se obtuvieron un total de 55 ítems que fueron clasificados en 7 grupos: Publicidad (9 ítems); Ambiente familiar (4 ítems); Presión social (12 ítems); Responsabilidades/normas (4 ítems); Vacaciones y tiempo libre (7 ítems); Situaciones emocionales (8 ítems); Accesibilidad (11 ítems). Los factores relacionados con la presión social, las vacaciones y el tiempo libre y la accesibilidad del alcohol, fueron considerados los más importantes y frecuentes en el consumo de alcohol. Contrariamente, la publicidad del alcohol fue considerada el factor menos importante (media 2,6 sobre 5) y frecuente (media 2,1 sobre 5). En conclusión, los factores considerados más relevantes entre los estudiantes coinciden con los que se destinan más recursos para la prevención y la promoción de la salud, a excepción de la publicidad del alcohol, que se percibió como menos importante y frecuente comparado con los otros factores.

5.
Gac. sanit. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 36(5): 493-495, Sept.–Oct. 2022. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-212575

RESUMO

Este trabajo presenta la experiencia de gestión por los servicios de salud pública de la ciudad de Barcelona de dos programas de prevención universal del consumo de sustancias adictivas ofrecidos en educación secundaria, revisando el periodo de 1989-1990 a 2016-2017. Ambos programas mostraron su efectividad en evaluaciones con grupo de comparación, se promueven desde los servicios de salud pública de forma gratuita y son impartidos por los/las docentes usando manuales estandarizados, con material de apoyo y formación. La cobertura alcanzada en los últimos años ha bajado del 40% al 25% de las escuelas. Se observan cambios en la aceptación y la realización de los programas que podrían relacionarse con aspectos de seguimiento y logística de los servicios de salud pública, los cambios en la disponibilidad de sustancias psicoactivas y los recortes presupuestarios en educación. La monitorización de los programas efectivos por los servicios de salud pública es fundamental para preservar su realización. (AU)


This paper documents the management of two programs for the universal prevention of substance use offered in secondary schools by the public health services of the city of Barcelona, reviewing the period from 1989–1990 to 2016–2017. Both programs had proven effectiveness in evaluations with a comparison group, they are promoted by the public health agency free of cost, and are taught by teachers, using standardized manuals with support materials and training. The coverage achieved over recent years declined from 40% to 25%. Changes observed in the acceptance and implementation of these programs could be related with logistics and follow-up by the public health services, changes in substance availability, and with budget cuts in education. The monitoring of effective programs by public health services is essential to preserve their actual implementation. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/prevenção & controle , Administração em Saúde Pública , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Ensino Fundamental e Médio , Drogas Ilícitas
6.
Gac. sanit. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 36(3): 278-282, may. - jun. 2022. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-209252

RESUMO

La mejora continua de la gestión debería ser una aspiración para todas las organizaciones del sector público. Los elementos de comparación externa obenchmarkingidentifican buenas prácticas en organizaciones similares. En servicios de salud pública, obtener indicadores de este tipo no es fácil. Los objetivos de este trabajo son describir el proceso seguido para llevar a cabo un ejercicio debenchmarkingen una organización de salud pública, y compartir sus frutos. Para ello, se identificaron organizaciones para compararlas, y se buscaron en sus páginas web informes o memorias con indicadores de las actividades o resultados de los servicios de salud pública. Se identificaron limitaciones y condicionantes de los indicadores de las diferentes organizaciones, así como maneras de mejorar su capacidad de comparación. Finalmente, se propone un conjunto de 19 indicadores como núcleo inicial de comparación orientado a la gestión de calidad. (AU)


Continuous management improvement should be an aspiration for all public sector organizations. External comparison or benchmarking identifies good practices in similar organizations. For public health services, it is not easy to obtain such indicators. The objectives of this paper are to describe the process of conducting a benchmarking exercise for a public health agency, and to share its results. For this purpose, agencies that may be compared were identified, and their websites were searched for annual reports or other documents with indicators of the activities or results of public health services. Limitations and contextual aspects of the indicators of the different organizations were identified, as well as ways to improve their comparability. Finally, a set of 19 indicators is proposed, as an initial core for quality management comparisons. (AU)


Assuntos
História do Século XXI , Serviços de Saúde , Saúde Pública , 34002 , Benchmarking , Bases de Dados como Assunto , Redes de Comunicação de Computadores
7.
em Inglês, Espanhol, Inglês, Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-202761

RESUMO

El objetivo fue caracterizar la disponibilidad y promoción de alcohol asociados a los locales de venta y consumo de alcohol en Madrid, así como explorar las diferencias en su distribución en función de la tipología del local y las características socioeconómicas del área. Se utilizó el instrumento OHCITIES para caracterizar locales situados en 42 secciones censales de Madrid durante 2016. Se registró la densidad de locales y el número de locales con amplios horarios de apertura (12 o más horas). Se registró cualquier tipo de promoción asociada al local visible desde el exterior. Se compararon los porcentajes de características de disponibilidad y promoción asociada a los locales de consumo y venta de alcohol utilizando el test de chi cuadrado y la prueba exacta de Fisher. Se estimó la densidad de disponibilidad y promoción por sección censal y se exploró su distribución en función de las características socioeconómicas del área mediante el test de Kruskal-Wallis. Se registraron 324 locales, 241 de consumo y 83 de venta. La mayoría tenía un horario amplio de apertura (73,77%) y algún elemento promocional (89,51%). Los locales de consumo tenían horarios más amplios de apertura y más elementos promocionales que los de venta (p <0,001). Se encontraron mayor densidad de locales, amplitud de horarios y elementos promocionales en áreas de nivel socioeconómico alto (todos p <0,001). La disponibilidad y promoción estuvieron asociadas con los locales de venta y consumo de alcohol en Madrid. Futuras políticas cuyo objetivo sea la prevención del consumo de alcohol deben tener en cuenta la influencia de los tipos de locales y las características socioeconómicas del área en la distribución de la disponibilidad y promoción de alcohol.(AU)


El objetivo fue caracterizar la disponibilidad y promoción de alcohol asociados a los locales de venta y consumo de alcohol en Madrid, así como explorar las diferencias en su distribución en función de la tipología del local y las características socioeconómicas del área. Se utilizó el instrumento OHCITIES para caracterizar locales situados en 42 secciones censales de Madrid durante 2016. Se registró la densidad de locales y el número de locales con amplios horarios de apertura (12 o más horas). Se registró cualquier tipo de promoción asociada al local visible desde el exterior. Se compararon los porcentajes de características de disponibilidad y promoción asociada a los locales de consumo y venta de alcohol utilizando el test de chi cuadrado y la prueba exacta de Fisher. Se estimó la densidad de disponibilidad y promoción por sección censal y se exploró su distribución en función de las características socioeconómicas del área mediante el test de Kruskal-Wallis. Se registraron 324 locales, 241 de consumo y 83 de venta. La mayoría tenía un horario amplio de apertura (73,77%) y algún elemento promocional (89,51%). Los locales de consumo tenían horarios más amplios de apertura y más elementos promocionales que los de venta (p <0,001). Se encontraron mayor densidad de locales, amplitud de horarios y elementos promocionales en áreas de nivel socioeconómico alto (todos p <0,001). La disponibilidad y promoción estuvieron asociadas con los locales de venta y consumo de alcohol en Madrid. Futuras políticas cuyo objetivo sea la prevención del consumo de alcohol deben tener en cuenta la influencia de los tipos de locales y las características socioeconómicas del área en la distribución de la disponibilidad y promoción de alcohol.(AU)


We aimed to characterize the availability and promotion of alcohol at alcohol outlets in Madrid and to compare them according to type of outlet and area-level socioeconomic status. We used the OHCITIES instrument to characterise the alcohol outlets in 42 census tracts of Madrid in 2016. We specified alcohol availability as the density of alcohol outlets and the number of alcohol outlets with extended opening hours (12 or more). We registered any type of promotion associated to alcohol outlets that could be perceived from outside the outlet. We calculated and compared proportions of availability and promotion by alcohol outlet (on- and off-premise) using chi-squared and Fisher Exact tests. We estimated the availability and promotion of alcohol densities per census tract according to area-level socioeconomic status. To assess statistical significance, we used Kruskal-Wallis tests. We recorded 324 alcohol outlets, 241 on-premise and 83 off-premise. Most of the outlets had extended opening hours (73.77%) and at least one sign promoting alcohol (89.51%). More on-premise outlets had extended opening hours and higher presence of alcohol promotion than off-premise (p <0.001). Higher density of alcohol outlets, extended opening hours and presence of alcohol promotion were found in higher socioeconomic areas (all p<0.001). These results were also observed for on-premise alcohol outlets. Alcohol availability and promotion were associated with alcohol outlets in Madrid. Future alcohol policies regulating the availability and promotion of alcohol should consider outlet types and area-level socioeconomic status.(AU)


We aimed to characterize the availability and promotion of alcohol at alcohol outlets in Madrid and to compare them according to type of outlet and area-level socioeconomic status. We used the OHCITIES instrument to characterise the alcohol outlets in 42 census tracts of Madrid in 2016. We specified alcohol availability as the density of alcohol outlets and the number of alcohol outlets with extended opening hours (12 or more). We registered any type of promotion associated to alcohol outlets that could be perceived from outside the outlet. We calculated and compared proportions of availability and promotion by alcohol outlet (on- and off-premise) using chi-squared and Fisher Exact tests. We estimated the availability and promotion of alcohol densities per census tract according to area-level socioeconomic status. To assess statistical significance, we used Kruskal-Wallis tests. We recorded 324 alcohol outlets, 241 on-premise and 83 off-premise. Most of the outlets had extended opening hours (73.77%) and at least one sign promoting alcohol (89.51%). More on-premise outlets had extended opening hours and higher presence of alcohol promotion than off-premise (p <0.001). Higher density of alcohol outlets, extended opening hours and presence of alcohol promotion were found in higher socioeconomic areas (all p<0.001). These results were also observed for on-premise alcohol outlets. Alcohol availability and promotion were associated with alcohol outlets in Madrid. Future alcohol policies regulating the availability and promotion of alcohol should consider outlet types and area-level socioeconomic status.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Humanos , Indústria do Álcool , Indústria do Álcool , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas
8.
Adicciones ; 34(1): 23-36, 2022 Feb 16.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32677698

RESUMO

We aimed to characterize the availability and promotion of alcohol at alcohol outlets in Madrid and to compare them according to type of outlet and area-level socioeconomic status. We used the OHCITIES instrument to characterise the alcohol outlets in 42 census tracts of Madrid in 2016. We specified alcohol availability as the density of alcohol outlets and the number of alcohol outlets with extended opening hours (12 or more). We registered any type of promotion associated to alcohol outlets that could be perceived from outside the outlet. We calculated and compared proportions of availability and promotion by alcohol outlet (on- and off-premise) using chi-squared and Fisher Exact tests. We estimated the availability and promotion of alcohol densities per census tract according to area-level socioeconomic status. To assess statistical significance, we used Kruskal-Wallis tests. We recorded 324 alcohol outlets, 241 on-premise and 83 off-premise. Most of the outlets had extended opening hours (73.77%) and at least one sign promoting alcohol (89.51%). More on-premise outlets had extended opening hours and higher presence of alcohol promotion than off-premise (p < 0.001). Higher density of alcohol outlets, extended opening hours and presence of alcohol promotion were found in higher socioeconomic areas (all p < 0.001). These results were also observed for on-premise alcohol outlets. Alcohol availability and promotion were associated with alcohol outlets in Madrid. Future alcohol policies regulating the availability and promotion of alcohol should consider outlet types and area-level socioeconomic status.


El objetivo fue caracterizar la disponibilidad y promoción de alcohol asociados a los locales de venta y consumo de alcohol en Madrid, así como explorar las diferencias en su distribución en función de la tipología del local y las características socioeconómicas del área. Se utilizó el instrumento OHCITIES para caracterizar locales situados en 42 secciones censales de Madrid durante 2016. Se registró la densidad de locales y el número de locales con amplios horarios de apertura (12 o más horas). Se registró cualquier tipo de promoción asociada al local visible desde el exterior. Se compararon los porcentajes de características de disponibilidad y promoción asociada a los locales de consumo y venta de alcohol utilizando el test de chi cuadrado y la prueba exacta de Fisher. Se estimó la densidad de disponibilidad y promoción por sección censal y se exploró su distribución en función de las características socioeconómicas del área mediante el test de Kruskal-Wallis. Se registraron 324 locales, 241 de consumo y 83 de venta. La mayoría tenía un horario amplio de apertura (73,77%) y algún elemento promocional (89,51%). Los locales de consumo tenían horarios más amplios de apertura y más elementos promocionales que los de venta (p < 0,001). Se encontraron mayor densidad de locales, amplitud de horarios y elementos promocionales en áreas de nivel socioeconómico alto (todos p < 0,001). La disponibilidad y promoción estuvieron asociadas con los locales de venta y consumo de alcohol en Madrid. Futuras políticas cuyo objetivo sea la prevención del consumo de alcohol deben tener en cuenta la influencia de los tipos de locales y las características socioeconómicas del área en la distribución de la disponibilidad y promoción de alcohol.


Assuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Bebidas Alcoólicas , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Comércio , Humanos , Características de Residência , Classe Social , Fatores Socioeconômicos
9.
Gac Sanit ; 36(5): 493-495, 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34412927

RESUMO

This paper documents the management of two programs for the universal prevention of substance use offered in secondary schools by the public health services of the city of Barcelona, reviewing the period from 1989-1990 to 2016-2017. Both programs had proven effectiveness in evaluations with a comparison group, they are promoted by the public health agency free of cost, and are taught by teachers, using standardized manuals with support materials and training. The coverage achieved over recent years declined from 40% to 25%. Changes observed in the acceptance and implementation of these programs could be related with logistics and follow-up by the public health services, changes in substance availability, and with budget cuts in education. The monitoring of effective programs by public health services is essential to preserve their actual implementation.


Assuntos
Instituições Acadêmicas , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Orçamentos , Humanos , Saúde Pública , Serviços de Saúde Escolar , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/prevenção & controle
10.
Gac Sanit ; 36(3): 278-282, 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33642098

RESUMO

Continuous management improvement should be an aspiration for all public sector organizations. External comparison or benchmarking identifies good practices in similar organizations. For public health services, it is not easy to obtain such indicators. The objectives of this paper are to describe the process of conducting a benchmarking exercise for a public health agency, and to share its results. For this purpose, agencies that may be compared were identified, and their websites were searched for annual reports or other documents with indicators of the activities or results of public health services. Limitations and contextual aspects of the indicators of the different organizations were identified, as well as ways to improve their comparability. Finally, a set of 19 indicators is proposed, as an initial core for quality management comparisons.


Assuntos
Benchmarking , Serviços de Saúde , Benchmarking/métodos , Humanos , Estados Unidos
11.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 53(6): 102043, Jun - Jul 2021. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-208131

RESUMO

Objective: To determine the predisposition to use roll-your-own (RYO) cigarettes and the beliefs about RYO cigarettes of all the students of 3°–4° of ESO during the years 2016–17 and 2018–19. A cross-sectional study. Setting: Bisaura High School from Sant Quirze de Besora. Primary Health Care in the Catalan Health Institute, Catalunya, Spain. Participants: 111 3rd and 4th of ESO (14–16 years). Main measurements: Dependent variables used were future intentions of smoking and beliefs regarding RYO cigarettes. Independent variables were sex, course and ever smoked. The prevalence of the different dependent variables was described and compared according to the different independent variables with Pearson's Khi-square test. Results: 26.6% of the adolescents intended to smoke in the future of which 17.4% intended to smoke RYO cigarettes and 13.8% manufactured cigarettes (MC). Around 30% of adolescents express at least one wrong belief regarding RYO cigarettes. For example, the 26.7% believed that smoking RYO cigarettes generated less addiction than MC and the 32.1% that was less harmful. Those who had smoked at some time in their life had a greater intention to smoke in the future (54.5%), to smoke MC (27.3%) and RYO cigarettes (40.9%) than those who had never smoked (7.7%, 4.6% and 1.5% respectively) (p<0.005). Some misconceptions differed depending on whether adolescents had ever smoked in life, sex and course. The boys believed that smoking RYO cigarettes was more natural than smoking MC (p<0.005). Conclusions: Educational activities to improve the information that young people have regarding RYO cigarettes are needed.(AU)


Objetivo: Conocer la predisposición a usar tabaco de liar (TL) y las creencias sobre TL de todos los alumnos de 3°-4° de ESO durante los cursos 2016-17 y 2018-19. Estudio tansversal. Emplazamiento: Institut Bisaura. Sant Quirze de Besora. Atención Primaria de Salud. Instituto Catalan de la Salud, Catalunya, España. Participantes: 111 adolescentes de 3° y 4° de ESO (14-16 años). Mediciones principales: Variables dependientes: intenciones futuras de fumar y creencias con respecto al TL. Variables independientes: sexo, curso y haber fumado o no en la vida. Se describió la prevalencia de las variables dependientes y se comparó según las distintas variables independientes con la prueba de Chi cuadrado de Pearson. Resultados: El 26,6% de los adolescentes manifestaron intención de fumar en el futuro, y de ellos, el 17,4% tenían intención de fumar TL y 13.8% tabaco manufacturado (TM). Alrededor del 30% de los adolescentes expresaron al menos una creencia errónea con respecto al TL. Concretamente, el 26,7% creía que fumar TL generaba menor adicción que fumar TM y el 32,1% creía que era menos perjudicial. Los que habían fumado alguna vez en la vida tenían mayor intención de fumar en el futuro (54,5%), de fumar TM (27,3%) y TL (40,9%) que los que no habían fumado nunca (7,7%, 4,6% y 1,5%, respectivamente) (p < 0,005). Algunas creencias erróneas difirieron según si los adolescentes habían fumado alguna vez en la vida, el sexo y el curso. Los chicos creían que fumar TL era más natural que fumar TM (p < 0,005). Conclusiones: Son necesarias actividades educativas para mejorar la información que tienen los jóvenes con respecto al TL.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Uso de Tabaco , Fumar Tabaco , Fumantes , Adolescente , Tabaco , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Espanha , Estudos Transversais , Atenção Primária à Saúde
12.
Aten Primaria ; 53(6): 102043, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33838538

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine the predisposition to use roll-your-own (RYO) cigarettes and the beliefs about RYO cigarettes of all the students of 3°-4° of ESO during the years 2016-17 and 2018-19. A cross-sectional study. SETTING: Bisaura High School from Sant Quirze de Besora. Primary Health Care in the Catalan Health Institute, Catalunya, Spain. PARTICIPANTS: 111 3rd and 4th of ESO (14-16 years). MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Dependent variables used were future intentions of smoking and beliefs regarding RYO cigarettes. Independent variables were sex, course and ever smoked. The prevalence of the different dependent variables was described and compared according to the different independent variables with Pearson's Khi-square test. RESULTS: 26.6% of the adolescents intended to smoke in the future of which 17.4% intended to smoke RYO cigarettes and 13.8% manufactured cigarettes (MC). Around 30% of adolescents express at least one wrong belief regarding RYO cigarettes. For example, the 26.7% believed that smoking RYO cigarettes generated less addiction than MC and the 32.1% that was less harmful. Those who had smoked at some time in their life had a greater intention to smoke in the future (54.5%), to smoke MC (27.3%) and RYO cigarettes (40.9%) than those who had never smoked (7.7%, 4.6% and 1.5% respectively) (p<0.005). Some misconceptions differed depending on whether adolescents had ever smoked in life, sex and course. The boys believed that smoking RYO cigarettes was more natural than smoking MC (p<0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Educational activities to improve the information that young people have regarding RYO cigarettes are needed.


Assuntos
Abandono do Hábito de Fumar , Produtos do Tabaco , Adolescente , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Intenção , Masculino , Fumar/epidemiologia
13.
Drug Alcohol Depend ; 218: 108400, 2021 01 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33250382

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to describe the temporal relationship between an illicit drug market abrupt disruption and the number of discarded syringes collected from public space in Barcelona. METHODS: The monthly number of discarded syringes collected and interrupted time-series analyses were used to analyze changes and trends from January 2014 to December 2017, before and after an illicit drug market disruption comparing three different areas of the city: intervened (A) and not intervened (B) high trafficking areas and, as a reference, a low trafficking area (C). RESULTS: After the disruption, a decrease in the average number of syringes collected in area A was observed, although the trend was not significant (p value 0.09). In area B, there was a significant increase with an upward trend in the average number of collected syringes (p value <0.001). A flat trend was observed throughout the period in area C (p value 0.62) The systematic counting of discarded syringes collected from public places is confirmed as a useful indicator to monitor drug dealing and use in urban areas. It may help public health services strengthen safe needle disposal practices and harm reduction interventions in these areas.


Assuntos
Tráfico de Drogas , Drogas Ilícitas , Seringas , Meio Ambiente , Redução do Dano , Humanos , Análise de Séries Temporais Interrompida , Características de Residência , Espanha , Abuso de Substâncias por Via Intravenosa
14.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 942020 Nov 13.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33177487

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Many teenagers experiment with addictive substances such as alcohol. The objective of this study was to estimate the frequency of binge drinking among secondary school students and its relationship with sex, grade, and type of school, as well as with urban contextual factors of the school neighborhood: socioeconomic level, density of alcohol outlet premises, and tourist pressure. METHODS: This was an observational cross-sectional study. The study population were the students of 8th and 10th grade (2nd and 4th year of ESO) in the city of Barcelona in 2016. Alcohol use, sex, grade, type of school and school neighborhood were taken from the FRESC survey. The wealth of the neighborhood and tourist pressure were extracted from municipal statistics. The density of alcohol outlets was obtained by direct observation with the OHCITIES instrument. We estimated the prevalence of binge drinking (consumption of five or more units on one occasion) stratifying by age, sex and ownership of the school. We calculated a robust Poisson regression model with the individual and contextual variables and analyzed the situation of those neighborhoods with the highest prevalence of binge. RESULTS: The self-declared frequency of binge drinking in the last 30 days was 6.1% in this sample of 2,329 students, 2.2% in 8th grade and 10.3% in 10th grade. It was higher in boys (7%) than in girls (5.1%), and slightly higher in private subsidized schools (6.4%) than in public schools (5.5%). In the Poisson regression models, neither the coefficients of the three contextual variables nor the type of school reached statistical significance, contrary to those obtained with the individual variables of sex and year. The adjusted prevalence of binge in the 36 neighborhoods ranged from 0 to 18.2%. Comparing the contextual variables of the 8 neighborhoods with the lowest prevalence of binge with the others, both a greater density of local alcohol sales and higher tourism pressure were associated with a higher prevalence of binge drinking, while for wealth there were no significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: The use of alcohol in early adolescence is related to individual variables such as sex and age. Urban contextual factors such as a higher tourist pressure and the density of premises that sell alcohol may exert also some influence.


OBJETIVO: Muchos adolescentes experimentan con sustancias adictivas como el alcohol. El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la prevalencia del consumo intensivo episódico de alcohol (binge drinking o atracón de bebida) en estudiantes de secundaria y su relación con el género, el curso y el tipo de escuela, así como con factores urbanos contextuales del barrio de escolarización: nivel socioeconómico, densidad de locales de venta de alcohol y presión turística. METODOS: Se trató de un estudio observacional transversal. La población estudiada fue el alumnado de 2º y 4º de Enseñanza Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) de la ciudad de Barcelona en 2016. El consumo de alcohol, el sexo, el curso, el tipo de escuela y el barrio de escolarización se extrajeron de la encuesta FRESC. La riqueza del barrio y la presión turística se extrajeron de las estadísticas municipales. La densidad de establecimientos de venta de alcohol se obtuvo por observación directa mediante el instrumento OHCITIES. Se estimó la prevalencia de episodios de consumo intensivo de alcohol (cinco o más unidades en una ocasión), estratificando por edad, sexo y titularidad de la escuela. Se calcularon modelos de regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta para estimar las variables relacionadas con una mayor prevalencia de consumo intensivo. RESULTADOS: La frecuencia autodeclarada de episodios de consumo intensivo en los últimos 30 días fue del 6,1% en esta muestra de 2.329 estudiantes, 2,2% en 2º curso y 10,3% en 4º curso. Fue mayor en los chicos (7%) que en las chicas (5,1%), y ligeramente mayor en las escuelas privadas subvencionadas (6,4%) que en las escuelas públicas (5,5%). En los modelos de regresión de Poisson, ni los coeficientes de las tres variables de contexto ni el tipo de escuela alcanzaron significación estadística, a diferencia de los obtenidos con las variables individuales de sexo y curso. La prevalencia ajustada de episodios de consumo intensivo en los barrios osciló entre 0 y el 18,2%. Al comparar las variables contextuales de los ocho barrios con menor prevalencia de consumo intensivo con los demás, tanto una mayor densidad de locales de venta de alcohol como una mayor presión turística se asociaron a una mayor prevalencia de episodios de consumo intensivo, mientras que para la riqueza no hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas. CONCLUSIONES: El consumo de alcohol en la adolescencia temprana está asociado con variables individuales como el sexo y la edad. Factores urbanos contextuales como una mayor presión turística y la densidad de los locales que venden alcohol podrían ejercer también cierta influencia.


Assuntos
Consumo Excessivo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalência , Características de Residência/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de Risco , Instituições Acadêmicas/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Espanha/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Saúde da População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricos
15.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 942020 Nov 13.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33185194

RESUMO

This paper presents a strategic analysis of the prevention of the harm caused by alcohol in Spain. The alcohol action plan of the European Office of the WHO offers a guide for the development of the most effective control policies. Following its scheme, the current situation and the prevention policies are reviewed with data available in 2020. Strategies and key actions for the future are proposed, considering as major goals to curb the early abuse of alcohol by adolescents and to reduce the risk consumption of the population at large. Besides helping persons with abuse criteria from health services, key actions for prevention include public policies such as fiscal, marketing and availability regulations, and drink driving measures. Some have followed a favorable evolution in Spain, but for others there is wide room for improvement.


Este trabajo presenta un análisis estratégico de la prevención de los daños causados por el alcohol en España. El plan de acción sobre el alcohol de la Oficina Europea de la OMS ofrece una guía para el desarrollo de las políticas más efectivas de control. Siguiendo su esquema, se revisan la situación y las políticas de prevención con los datos disponibles en el año 2020. Se proponen unas estrategias y acciones clave para el futuro, considerando como grandes objetivos evitar el abuso precoz del alcohol en adolescentes y reducir el consumo de riesgo en el conjunto de la población. Además de ayudar a las personas con criterios de abuso desde los servicios sanitarios, destacan como acciones clave de prevención políticas públicas como la fiscal, la regulación de la publicidad y otras formas de promoción, la regulación de la disponibilidad de bebidas, y las medidas sobre alcohol y conducción. Algunas han seguido una evolución favorable en España, pero en otras hay amplio margen de mejora.


Assuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/efeitos adversos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Álcool/prevenção & controle , Política Pública , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Álcool/epidemiologia , Humanos , Espanha/epidemiologia
16.
BMJ Open ; 10(9): e037569, 2020 09 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32994241

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Alcohol availability and promotion are not distributed equally in the urban context. Evidence shows that the socioeconomic level seems to influence the amount of alcohol-related elements in an area. Some studies suggest that tourism could also affect the distribution of these elements. We explore with a valid instrument in a large city whether there is an association between high tourism pressure and a greater presence of alcohol-related elements in the urban environment. DESIGN: Observational ecological study. SETTING: The study was conducted in Barcelona during 2017-2018. PARTICIPANTS: We assessed urban exposure to alcohol by performing social systematic observation using the OHCITIES Instrument in a stratified random sample of 170 census tracts within the city's 73 neighbourhoods. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: For each census tract we calculated the density of alcohol premises, and of promotion in public places per 1000 residents. We estimated tourism pressure using the number of tourist beds per 1000 residents in each neighbourhood and calculated quartiles. To assess the relationship between rate ratios of elements of alcohol urban environment and tourism pressure, we calculated Spearman correlations and fitted Poisson regression models with robust error variance. RESULTS: The median densities obtained were of 8.18 alcohol premises and of 7.59 alcohol advertising and promotion elements visible from the public space per 1000 population. Census tracts with the highest tourism pressure had 2.5 (95% CI: 1.85-3.38) times more outlets and 2.3 (95% CI: 1.64-3.23) times more promotion elements per 1000 residents than those in the lowest tourism pressure quartile. CONCLUSIONS: We observed a strong association between tourism pressure and alcohol exposure in the city of Barcelona.


Assuntos
Características de Residência , Turismo , Publicidade , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , População Urbana
17.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 942020 Jun 15.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32536686

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Gambling may cause a variety of problems, both health and social, to the player, his family and his environment; Problems can be more serious for those who gamble more frequently or bet more money. Beyond the mental health gambling disorder and considering other harms derived from gambling, it is possible to develop a public health approach to the issue, including both prevention and harm reduction aspects. In recent decades gambling availability has expanded, with attempts at regulation. The objective of this paper is to provide basic information about gambling in Spain, stratifying data by Autonomous Communities (AC), from a public health perspective. METHODS: A descriptive study of some aspects of gambling in Spain was carried out. The data for amounts gambled by participants, gross gaming revenue of the industry, and establishments or machines licensed for the year 2017 were extracted from the available systematic sources. Aggregated data were tabulated and stratified by AC for those presential gambling categories with the greatest compulsive gambling potential and relevant business volume. Crude results and ratios per 100,000 inhabitants were calculated. RESULTS: Up to 41,826.8 million euros were spent gambling throughout Spain in 2017, a figure that exceeds 3.5% of the Gross Domestic Product, and the largest segment was online gambling in its various modalities (32%), followed by the national lottery and similar traditional games (27%). The supply of gambling venues (74.9 establishments per million inhabitants) was assessed by AC, showing large differences among them: their density in the region of Murcia is tenfold that of Catalonia. Gambling machines that can be installed in hospitality establishments (B machines) showed a density of 43.4 per 1,000 inhabitants, with greater homogeneity across AC than gambling premises. Regional data on the amounts spent in casinos, bingo cards, and sports betting show no homogeneous patterns. CONCLUSIONS: The volume of money spent on gambling in Spain is very important, and online gambling has become the largest business segment. The most traditional game modes and probably with less addictive potential such as lotteries and draws continue to have a relevant presence. The availability of presential gambling shows wide heterogeneity among AC, especially for licensed gambling establishments, whose density is ten times greater in the community with more supply compared to the one with less. The data by AC of some game modalities suggest that availability may be a relevant factor for gambling, but not the only one.


OBJETIVO: Participar en juegos de azar puede causar problemas diversos, tanto sanitarios como sociales, que afectan a la persona jugadora, a su familia y a su entorno. Éstos pueden ser más graves para las personas que juegan con mayor frecuencia o que se juegan más dinero. Más allá del trastorno por juego reconocido en la salud mental, y teniendo en cuenta que de las apuestas se derivan otros daños sociales, es posible desarrollar un enfoque de salud pública sobre el juego, contemplando tanto aspectos de prevención como de reducción de daños. En las últimas décadas ha proliferado la oferta de juegos de azar, con algunos intentos de regulación. El objetivo de este trabajo fue aportar información básica sobre la oferta actual de juego en España, desagregando los datos según comunidades autónomas (CCAA), desde una perspectiva de salud pública. METODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de algunos aspectos de la oferta de juego en España. Los datos de importes jugados, los márgenes estimados de los operadores y establecimientos, o las máquinas licenciadas para el año 2017 se extrajeron de las fuentes sistemáticas consolidadas sobre el juego en España. Se tabularon datos agregados, y se desglosaron por CCAA para las categorías de juego presencial con mayor potencial de juego compulsivo y por volumen relevante de negocio. Se calcularon resultados brutos y razones por 100.000 habitantes. RESULTADOS: En 2017 se jugaron un total de 41.826,8 millones de euros en toda España, cifra que supera el 3,5% del Producto Interior Bruto, y el mayor segmento de negocio fue el juego online en sus diversas modalidades (32%), seguido de los juegos tradicionales como la Lotería Nacional y otros similares (27%). Se valoró la oferta de locales de juego (74,9 locales por millón de habitantes), con grandes diferencias entre CCAA: la región de Murcia tuvo una densidad diez veces mayor que Cataluña. Las máquinas B que pueden instalarse en establecimientos de hostelería presentaron una densidad de 43,4 por 1.000 habitantes, con mayor homogeneidad entre CCAA que los locales de juego. Los datos territorializados de gasto en casinos, cartones de bingo y apuestas deportivas mostraron patrones no concordantes. CONCLUSIONES: El volumen de dinero gastado en juegos de azar en España es muy importante, y el juego online se ha convertido en el mayor segmento de negocio. Las modalidades de juego más tradicionales, y probablemente con menos potencial adictivo, como son las loterías y sorteos, siguen teniendo una presencia muy relevante. La oferta de juego presencial muestra cierta heterogeneidad entre CCAA, especialmente por lo que respecta a los salones de juego. Los datos territorializados de algunas modalidades de juego sugieren que la oferta puede ser un factor condicionante del juego, aunque no el único.


Assuntos
Jogo de Azar/economia , Saúde Pública , Jogo de Azar/epidemiologia , Jogo de Azar/prevenção & controle , Jogo de Azar/psicologia , Humanos , Espanha/epidemiologia
18.
BMC Public Health ; 20(1): 26, 2020 Jan 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31914967

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: From 2000 to 2008, in urban areas in Spain, adolescent fertility and abortion rates underwent unprecedented increases, consecutive to intensive immigration from developing countries. To address unmet needs for contraception information and services, a community-based, gender-sensitive and culturally adapted brief counselling intervention (SIRIAN program) was launched in some deprived neighbourhoods with a high proportion of immigrants in Barcelona. Once a randomized controlled trial demonstrated its effectiveness in increasing the use of contraceptives, we aim to examine its population impact on adolescent fertility rates. METHODS: Quasi-experimental study with comparison group, using population data from 2005 to 2016. Five neighbourhoods in the lowest tercile of Disposable Household Income were intervened in 2011-13. The comparison group included the three neighbourhoods which were in the same municipal district and in the lowest Disposable Household Income tercile, and displayed the highest adolescent fertility rates. Generalized linear models were fitted to assess absolute adolescent fertility rates and adjusted by immigrant population between pre-intervention (2005-10) and post-intervention periods (2011-16); Difference in Differences and relative pre-post changes analysis were performed. RESULTS: In 2005-10 the intervention group adolescent fertility rate was 27.90 (per 1000 women 15-19) and 21.84 in the comparison group. In 2011-16 intervention areas experienced great declines (adolescent fertility rate change: - 12.30 (- 12.45 to - 12.21); p < 0.001), while comparison neighbourhoods remained unchanged (adolescent fertility rate change: 1.91 (- 2.25 to 6.07); p = 0.368). A reduction of - 10.97 points (- 13.91 to - 8.03); p < 0.001) is associated to the intervention. CONCLUSION: Adolescent fertility rate significantly declined in the intervention group but remained stable in the comparison group. This quasi-experimental study provide evidence that, in a country with universal health coverage, a community counselling intervention that increases access to contraception, knowledge and sexual health care in hard-to-reach segments of the population can contribute to substantially reduce adolescent fertility rates. Reducing adolescent fertility rates could become a feasible goal in cities with similar conditions.


Assuntos
Coeficiente de Natalidade/tendências , Serviços de Saúde Comunitária , Anticoncepção/psicologia , Aconselhamento , Adolescente , Cidades , Anticoncepção/estatística & dados numéricos , Anticoncepcionais/administração & dosagem , Emigrantes e Imigrantes/psicologia , Emigrantes e Imigrantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Áreas de Pobreza , Gravidez , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Características de Residência/estatística & dados numéricos , Espanha , Adulto Jovem
19.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 94: 0-0, 2020. tab, mapas, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-200468

RESUMO

Este trabajo presenta un análisis estratégico de la prevención de los daños causados por el alcohol en España. El plan de acción sobre el alcohol de la Oficina Europea de la OMS ofrece una guía para el desarrollo de las políticas más efectivas de control. Siguiendo su esquema, se revisan la situación y las políticas de prevención con los datos disponibles en el año 2020. Se proponen unas estrategias y acciones clave para el futuro, considerando como grandes objetivos evitar el abuso precoz del alcohol en adolescentes y reducir el consumo de riesgo en el conjunto de la población. Además de ayudar a las personas con criterios de abuso desde los servicios sanitarios, destacan como acciones clave de prevención políticas públicas como la fiscal, la regulación de la publicidad y otras formas de promoción, la regulación de la disponibilidad de bebidas, y las medidas sobre alcohol y conducción. Algunas han seguido una evolución favorable en España, pero en otras hay amplio margen de mejora


This paper presents a strategic analysis of the prevention of the harm caused by alcohol in Spain. The alcohol action plan of the European Office of the WHO offers a guide for the development of the most effective control policies. Following its scheme, the current situation and the prevention policies are reviewed with data available in 2020. Strategies and key actions for the future are proposed, considering as major goals to curb the early abuse of alcohol by adolescents and to reduce the risk consumption of the population at large. Besides helping persons with abuse criteria from health services, key actions for prevention include public policies such as fiscal, marketing and availability regulations, and drink driving measures. Some have followed a favorable evolution in Spain, but for others there is wide room for improvement


Assuntos
Humanos , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/efeitos adversos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Álcool/prevenção & controle , Política Pública , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Álcool/epidemiologia , Espanha/epidemiologia
20.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 94: 0-0, 2020. tab, mapas, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-200477

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Muchos adolescentes experimentan con sustancias adictivas como el alcohol. El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la prevalencia del consumo intensivo episódico de alcohol (binge drinking o atracón de bebida) en estudiantes de secundaria y su relación con el género, el curso y el tipo de escuela, así como con factores urbanos contextuales del barrio de escolarización: nivel socioeconómico, densidad de locales de venta de alcohol y presión turística. MÉTODOS: Se trató de un estudio observacional transversal. La población estudiada fue el alumnado de 2º y 4º de Enseñanza Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) de la ciudad de Barcelona en 2016. El consumo de alcohol, el sexo, el curso, el tipo de escuela y el barrio de escolarización se extrajeron de la encuesta FRESC. La riqueza del barrio y la presión turística se extrajeron de las estadísticas municipales. La densidad de establecimientos de venta de alcohol se obtuvo por observación directa mediante el instrumento OHCITIES. Se estimó la prevalencia de episodios de consumo intensivo de alcohol (cinco o más unidades en una ocasión), estratificando por edad, sexo y titularidad de la escuela. Se calcularon modelos de regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta para estimar las variables relacionadas con una mayor prevalencia de consumo intensivo. RESULTADOS: La frecuencia autodeclarada de episodios de consumo intensivo en los últimos 30 días fue del 6,1% en esta muestra de 2.329 estudiantes, 2,2% en 2º curso y 10,3% en 4º curso. Fue mayor en los chicos (7%) que en las chicas (5,1%), y ligeramente mayor en las escuelas privadas subvencionadas (6,4%) que en las escuelas públicas (5,5%). En los modelos de regresión de Poisson, ni los coeficientes de las tres variables de contexto ni el tipo de escuela alcanzaron significación estadística, a diferencia de los obtenidos con las variables individuales de sexo y curso. La prevalencia ajustada de episodios de consumo intensivo en los barrios osciló entre 0 y el 18,2%. Al comparar las variables contextuales de los ocho barrios con menor prevalencia de consumo intensivo con los demás, tanto una mayor densidad de locales de venta de alcohol como una mayor presión turística se asociaron a una mayor prevalencia de episodios de consumo intensivo, mientras que para la riqueza no hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas. CONCLUSIONES: El consumo de alcohol en la adolescencia temprana está asociado con variables individuales como el sexo y la edad. Factores urbanos contextuales como una mayor presión turística y la densidad de los locales que venden alcohol podrían ejercer también cierta influencia


OBJECTIVE: Many teenagers experiment with addictive substances such as alcohol. The objective of this study was to estimate the frequency of binge drinking among secondary school students and its relationship with sex, grade, and type of school, as well as with urban contextual factors of the school neighborhood: socioeconomic level, density of alcohol outlet premises, and tourist pressure. METHODS: This was an observational cross-sectional study. The study population were the students of 8th and 10th grade (2nd and 4th year of ESO) in the city of Barcelona in 2016. Alcohol use, sex, grade, type of school and school neighborhood were taken from the FRESC survey. The wealth of the neighborhood and tourist pressure were extracted from municipal statistics. The density of alcohol outlets was obtained by direct observation with the OHCITIES instrument. We estimated the prevalence of binge drinking (consumption of five or more units on one occasion) stratifying by age, sex and ownership of the school. We calculated a robust Poisson regression model with the individual and contextual variables and analyzed the situation of those neighborhoods with the highest prevalence of binge. RESULTS: The self-declared frequency of binge drinking in the last 30 days was 6.1% in this sample of 2,329 students, 2.2% in 8th grade and 10.3% in 10th grade. It was higher in boys (7%) than in girls (5.1%), and slightly higher in private subsidized schools (6.4%) than in public schools (5.5%). In the Poisson regression models, neither the coefficients of the three contextual variables nor the type of school reached statistical significance, contrary to those obtained with the individual variables of sex and year. The adjusted prevalence of binge in the 36 neighborhoods ranged from 0 to 18.2%. Comparing the contextual variables of the 8 neighborhoods with the lowest prevalence of binge with the others, both a greater density of local alcohol sales and higher tourism pressure were associated with a higher prevalence of binge drinking, while for wealth there were no significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: The use of alcohol in early adolescence is related to individual variables such as sex and age. Urban contextual factors such as a higher tourist pressure and the density of premises that sell alcohol may exert also some influence


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Consumo Excessivo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais , Prevalência , Características de Residência/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de Risco , Instituições Acadêmicas/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Espanha/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários
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